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Nodding disease
Nodding disease or nodding syndrome is a recent, little-known disease which emerged in Sudan in the 1960s. It is a mentally and physically disabling disease that only affects children, typically between the ages of 5 and 15. It is currently restricted to small regions in South Sudan, Tanzania, and northern Uganda.〔(UGANDA: Nodding disease or "river epilepsy"? ) IRIN Africa. Accessed 19 October 2010〕 Prior to the South Sudan outbreaks and subsequent limited spread, the disease was first described in 1962 existing in secluded mountainous regions of Tanzania,〔 although the connection between that disease and nodding syndrome was only made recently.〔
== Symptoms ==
Children affected by nodding disease experience a complete and permanent stunting of growth. The growth of the brain is also stunted, leading to mental handicap. The disease is named for the characteristic, pathological nodding seizure, which often begins when the children begin to eat, or sometimes when they feel cold.〔('Nodding disease' hits Sudan ) Andrew Harding BBC News 23 September 2003, Accessed 19 October 2007〕 These seizures are brief and halt after the children stop eating or when they feel warm again. Seizures in nodding disease span a wide range of severity. Neurotoxicologist Peter Spencer, who has investigated the disease, has stated that upon presentation with food, "one or two () will start nodding very rapidly in a continuous, pendulous nod. A nearby child may suddenly go into a tonic–clonic seizure, while others will freeze."〔 Severe seizures can cause the child to collapse, leading to further injury.〔(Bizarre Illness Terrifies Sudanese - 'Nodding Disease' Victims Suffer Seizures, Retardation, Death ) Emma Ross, CBS News, Jan. 28, 2004. Accessed 19 October 2007〕 Sub-clinical seizures have been identified in electroencephalograms, and MRI scans have shown brain atrophy and damage to the hippocampus and glia cells.
A curious feature is that no seizures occur when victims are given an unfamiliar food; e.g. a candy bar.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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